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OALib Journal期刊

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CANDIDATE GENE ANALYSIS IN ISRAELI SOLDIERS WITH STRESS FRACTURES
Ran Yanovich,Eitan Friedman,Roni Milgrom,Bernice Oberman
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine , 2012,
Abstract: To investigate the association of polymorphisms within candidate genes which we hypothesized may contribute to stress fracture predisposition, a case-control, cross- sectional study design was employed. Genotyping 268 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms- SNPs within 17 genes in 385 Israeli young male and female recruits (182 with and 203 without stress fractures). Twenty-five polymorphisms within 9 genes (NR3C1, ANKH, VDR, ROR2, CALCR, IL6, COL1A2, CBG, and LRP4) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the distribution between stress fracture cases and non stress fracture controls. Seventeen genetic variants were associated with an increased stress fracture risk, and eight variants with a decreased stress fracture risk. None of the SNP associations remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate- FDR). Our findings suggest that genes may be involved in stress fracture pathogenesis. Specifically, the CALCR and the VDR genes are intriguing candidates. The putative involvement of these genes in stress fracture predisposition requires analysis of more cases and controls and sequencing the relevant genomic regions, in order to define the specific gene mutations
Autonomy, Choice, and Pupils’ Motivation—Are They Really Related?  [PDF]
Sima Zach, Einat Yanovich
Advances in Physical Education (APE) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ape.2015.52011
Abstract: Purpose: Examining the differences in motivation between learners in schools with a choice-based physical education (PE) curriculum and those with a non-choice-based curriculum, and identifying which sport activities these students prefer, using SDT as a conceptual framework. Method: Participants were 536 pupils from grades 10 - 12 from eight schools. Four schools offered a choice- based curriculum in PE and the other operated according to a teacher-based curriculum. A questionnaire examined their PA habits in leisure time, their motives for activity in PE lessons, and their preferred activities in these lessons. Results showed that pupils in classes with no choice-based curricula reported higher levels of motives then pupils in classes with choice-based curricula. Girls reported higher level of motives than boys. Preferred areas of activity illustrated the traditional-social difference between boys and girls. Conclusion: Schools that offer choice-based curricula should sharpen the answer to the question-what constitutes a worthwhile or true choice.
The Use of Virtual Reality in Motor Learning: A Multiple Pilot Study Review  [PDF]
Einat Yanovich, Omri Ronen
Advances in Physical Education (APE) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ape.2015.53023
Abstract: In recent years, technological improvements have allowed for the creation of V.R. environments for different uses, especially in the training of pilots, astronauts, medical staff, soldiers, and athletes. In regards to physical activity, V.R. is currently being used in two main fields: Exergaming and Rehabilitation. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of this technology as a means of demonstrating and learning motor abilities in many types of populations and situations. Three studies were done using V.R. In all three of them healthy participants were assigned to a control or test group. These studies were done using two main V.R. systems designed for motor learning: Timocco and IREX. Study 1 tested bi-lateral transfer in the upper limbs; Study 2 tested the differences in improvement using V.R. between internal and extrinsic focus of attention; Study 3 tested differences in different learning strategies in motor tasks—massed practice vs. distributed practice. Study 1 found significant differences between control and test groups; Study 2 did not find that external focus of attention was superior as expected but found a stronger correlation between tests at different days; Study 3 found no significant improvements (p > 0.05) for each group. In conclusion, V.R. can be an effective means of teaching and training basic motor skills, sometimes even superior to “real-life” because of the highly modifiable environment and difficulty in the comfort of one’s clinic or home.
Past Methylphenidate Exposure and Stress Fractures in Combat Soldiers: A Case
Adrian Tudor,Ehud Rath,Eyal Amar,Haggai Schermann,Ilan Shalom Ben-Ami,Ran Yanovich
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0363546517741705
Abstract: Previous research has revealed decreased bone mineral density (BMD) among children and adolescents who receive methylphenidate (MP) treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These findings have major clinical implications given that the prevalence of medication-treated ADHD is on the rise worldwide. We decided to investigate the clinical effect of MP exposure on the incidence of stress fractures, for which a low BMD is a risk factor. Exposure to MP is a risk factor for stress fractures. Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. This is a case-control study of combat soldiers who served in the military for 3 years between 2005 and 2015. The case group included 2400 soldiers with at least 1 stress fracture diagnosed by a bone scan. The control group comprised 6187 combat soldiers without a diagnosis of a stress fracture. The use of MP was determined by an automated text search of medical records and manual sorting of the results. Other study variables included age; sex; weight; height; body mass index (BMI); place of birth; and characterization of fractures by location, side, and grade. Odds ratios of stress fractures, the attributable proportion among the exposed, and the population attributable fraction were calculated using standard contingency tables. Logistic regression was fitted after adjusting for covariates. The previous use of MP was associated with a higher risk of stress fractures (odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.24]). The attributable proportion was 13.2%, and the population attributable fraction was 0.3%. Logistic regression demonstrated an increased risk of stress fractures associated with past MP use, preserved after adjusting for BMI, sex, and place of birth (P = .005). Female sex, BMI ≤20 kg/m2, and 20 < BMI ≤25 kg/m2 were independent positive predictors of a stress fracture, while African origin was a negative predictor. Most participants who used MP had only 1 fracture (77.8%), while the majority of participants who did not use MP in the past had ≥2 coincident fractures (53.5%) (P = .003). This study supports the hypothesis that an MP-associated reduction in BMD has a clinical effect in the form of an increased incidence of stress fractures. The high percentage of fractures attributed to MP use may serve as a basis for risk stratification, that is, the referral of patients with a history of MP use to BMD measurements
Asymptotics of eigenvalues for an energy operator of the one model of quantum physics
Eduard Yanovich
Mathematics , 2010,
Abstract: In this paper we consider eigenvalues asymptotics of the energy operator in the one of the most interesting models of quantum physics, describing an interaction between two-level system and harmonic oscillator. The energy operator of this model can be reduced to some class of infinite Jacobi matrices. Discrete spectrum of this class of operators represents the perturbed spectrum of harmonic oscillator. The perturbation is an unbounded operator compact with respect to unperturbed one. We use slightly modified Janas-Naboko successive diagonalization approach and some new compactness criteria for infinite matrices. Two first terms of eigenvalues asymptotics and the estimation of remainder are found.
Dietary intake and stress fractures among elite male combat recruits
Daniel S Moran, Yuval Heled, Yael Arbel, Eran Israeli, Aharon S Finestone, Rachel K Evans, Ran Yanovich
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-6
Abstract: Data was collected from 74 combat recruits (18.2 ± 0.6 yrs) in the Israeli Defense Forces. Data analyses included changes in anthropometric measures, dietary intake, blood iron and calcium levels. Measurements were taken on entry to 4-month BT and at the end of BT. The occurrence of stress reaction injury was followed prospectively during the entire 6-month training period.Twelve recruits were diagnosed with stress fracture in the tibia or femur (SF group). Sixty two recruits completed BT without stress fractures (NSF). Calcium and vitamin D intakes reported on induction day were lower in the SF group compared to the NSF group-38.9% for calcium (589 ± 92 and 964 ± 373 mg·d-1, respectively, p < 0.001), and-25.1% for vitamin D (117.9 ± 34.3 and 157.4 ± 93.3 IU·d-1, respectively, p < 0.001). During BT calcium and vitamin D intake continued to be at the same low values for the SF group but decreased for the NSF group and no significant differences were found between these two groups.The development of stress fractures in young recruits during combat BT was associated with dietary deficiency before induction and during BT of mainly vitamin D and calcium. For the purpose of intervention, the fact that the main deficiency is before induction will need special consideration.Military personnel represent a unique population exposed to intense physical and cognitive demands during both training and operational missions. Typically, military service commences with basic training (BT) which is characterized by intense physical training, emotional and mental stress [1]. It should be emphasized that such a challenging environment is enhanced during combat recruit training.Individuals seeking to enhance physical performance through participation in arduous physical activity, particularly athletes and combat soldiers, must adhere to an appropriate and sufficient dietary intake [2,3]. Inadequate energy intake can prolong recovery from illness and injury, depress immune function, and h
Approximation by Splines of Hermite Type  [PDF]
Yuri K. Dem’yanovich, Irina G. Burova
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/am.2013.411A3002
Abstract:

The approximation evaluations by polynomial splines are well-known. They are obtained by the similarity principle; in the case of non-polynomial splines the implementation of this principle is difficult. Another method for obtaining of the evaluations was discussed earlier (see [1]) in the case of nonpolynomial splines of Lagrange type. The aim of this paper is to obtain the evaluations of approximation by non-polynomial splines of Hermite type. Considering a linearly independent system of column-vectors\"\", \"\". Let \"\" be square matrix. Supposing that \"\" and \"\" are columns with components from the linear space \"\" such that \"\". Let \"\" be vector with components \"\" belonging to conjugate space \"\". For an element \"\" we consider a linear combination of elements \"\" By definition, put \"\". The discussions are based on the next assertion. The following relation holds: \"\" where the second factor on the right-hand side is the determinant of a block-matrix of order m + 2. Using this assertion, we get the representation of residual of approximation by minimal splines of Hermite type. Taking into account the representation,

New type of exact solvability and of a hidden nonlinear dynamical symmetry in anharmonic oscillators
Miloslav Znojil,Denis Yanovich
Mathematics , 2003,
Abstract: Schroedinger bound-state problem in D dimensions is considered for a set of central polynomial potentials (containing 2q coupling constants). Its polynomial (harmonic-oscillator-like, quasi-exact, terminating) bound-state solutions of degree N are sought at a (q+1)-plet of exceptional couplings/energies, the values of which comply with (the same number of) termination conditions. We revealed certain hidden regularity in these coupled polynomial equations and in their roots. A particularly impressive simplification of the pattern occurred at the very large spatial dimensions D where all the "multi-spectra" of exceptional couplings/energies proved equidistant. In this way, one generalizes one of the key features of the elementary harmonic oscillators to (presumably, all) non-vanishing integers q.
On the measuring of independence degree of the two discrete random variables
E. A. Yanovich
Mathematics , 2010,
Abstract: In this paper we construct the new coefficient which allows to measure quantitatively the independence of the two discrete random variables. The new inequalities for the matrices with non-negative elements are found
New exact solutions for polynomial oscillators in large dimensions
Miloslav Znojil,Denis Yanovich,Vladimir P. Gerdt
Mathematics , 2003,
Abstract: A new type of exact solvability is reported. We study the general central polynomial potentials (with 2q anharmonic terms) which satisfy the Magyari's partial exact solvability conditions (this means that they possess a harmonic-oscillator-like wave function proportional to a polynomial of any integer degree N). Working in the space of a very large dimension D for simplicity, we reveal that in contrast to the usual version of the model in finite dimensions (requiring a purely numerical treatment of the Magyari's constraints), our large D problem acquires an explicit, closed form solution at all N and up to q = 5 at least. This means that our effective secular polynomials (generated via the standard technique of Groebner bases) happen to be all fully factorizable in an utterly mysterious manner (mostly, over integers).
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